Only 10.21% of the bundlers are profitable. Rest are yet to cross the $10 mark in profit. The complete play is around gas prices.

So in this post, let's understand the different gas parameters in 4337 and show what made the bundlers actually earn in a couple of sample transactions.

Introduction​

Why is a bundler needed? What is it exactly doing to a UserOperation? We continue our EIP-4337 journey. This time by clearing out what a UserOperation typically goes through in a bundler.

Candide’s Mission is to provide easy self-custody of digital assets and do so while ensuring the smoothest experience without comprising security or cost.

Pre-reeds (<5 min)​

If you're new to Account Abstraction or 4337, I recommend reading these first:

• Why Account Abstraction
• What is 4337?
• Key Entities in 4337

I assume you know what smart contracts are and how an EOA triggers a smart contract function.

Introduction​

Since Eth Denver in Feb'23, crypto Twitter has gone gaga over Account Abstraction and EIP-4337's impact on the EVM ecosystem.

After talking with multiple web3 devs and mentoring teams at ETH Tokyo Hackathon, we realized it's taking a good chunk of time and effort to grasp the basic concepts of 4337, causing delays in people getting their hands dirty.
We're here to create easy-to-grasp material, with no fluff or annoying tech jargon, at least not without clarifying it in an easy-to-understand manner.

So let's get started.